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Various approaches for Secondary Metabolite Production through Plant Tissue Culture

Sanjeev Anand

There is great interest in developing alternatives to the intact plant for the production metabolites. This originally had centred on the use of tissue and cell cultures though approaches involve applying molecular biology techniques to enhance the metabolic pathways leading to specific compounds. During the past three decades, research has concentrated on the use of plant cell and tissue cultures. The techniques of plant cell cultures include the following sequential stages or developments: selection among wild plants of a high-producing one, in-vitro culture or callogenesis, which involves the selection and stabilization of producing calli with a view to identifying a high-producing line or strain; maximizing callus or cell suspension, culture conditions and isolation of the best- producing line; industrial scaling-up, mass cultivation in bioreactors; downstream processing, i.e. extraction and purification of the compounds sought.


Herbal Ayurvedic Plant Used In Cardiovascular Disease with Their Adverse Effects.

Rajendra Mani Badal, Divya Badal, Pourush Badal, Ashish Khare, Jyoti Shrivastava, Vaishnavee Gupta and Arun Kumar Tiwari

Cardiovascular [CVS] diseases occur due to several factor and its major cause of disease in present time several allopathic medicine now day available to treat cardiac disease but due to several adverse effect their use is limited so herbal medicine is good alternative for cardiac problem but some herbal plant also accurse some adverse effect. Herbal products are marketed without the proof of efficacy and safety that the Food and Drug Administration [FDA] requires of drugs. The Dietary Supplement and Health Education Act of 1994 allocates responsibility to manufacturers for ensuring safety and efficacy with no specific requirements to submit documentation. Manufacturers may state a product’s physiologic effects but may not make claims for the treatment or cure of specific diseases. Consumers and practitioners have little information about product safety, contraindications, interactions or effectiveness and are reliant on manufacturers to provide accurate labeling. Recently, the growing number of foods with herbs has raised concerns at the FDA, which requires evidence that food additives are safe. This review highlights the existing data on the efficacy, adverse effects and interactions for herbal therapies that impact on the cardiovascular system.

Effect of different buffered and unbuffered dispersion Medium on the physical and chemical stability of Nystatin suspensions.

Mohammad Barzegar-Jalali, Jalal Hanaee, Ghobad mohammadi, Zahra Ahangary,Mahmood Alaei-Beirami, Khosro Adibkia

Nystatin is a polyene macrolide which is widely used in the treatment of GI fungal infections. Different formulations of the drug including its suspension are available. From the bioavailability point of view, suspensions are usually superior to other dosage forms. The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of type and concentration of cellulosic suspending agents on the physical and chemical stability of nystatin in suspension. To this end, three grades of sodium carboxymethylcellulose (SCMC 358 cps, SCMC 1240 cps, and 1485 cps) as buffered vehicles (pH = 7) and an unbuffered microcrystalline cellulose (Avicel RC 591) vehicle were employed. All the formulations were passed physical stability tests in terms of sedimentation volume, redispersibility and freeze – thaw tests. The formulations were further tested for chemical stability using the Arrhenius method. The test indicated that shelf lives of the buffered suspensions were more or less the same but much higher than that of unbuffered suspension (10 months vs. 1 month).


Effect of coconut water on callus growth of Cyamopsis tetragonolobust.

Shakeel Ahmad, Mueen Ali

The main aim of this study is to minimize the time for callus induction and shoot generation with easily available low cost natural materials. Coconut water is a rich source of carbohydrate and other nutrients which enhance callus formation. Cyamopsis tetragonolobust has hypoglycemic activity. This study shows higher viability and rapid callus generation through micropropogation technique of Cyamopsis tetragonolobust seeds. the growth parameters were highly influenced by the addition of coconut water as the cultures grown on the media without coconut water.


Exploring herbal solutions for diabetes.

K. Budhwani, B. Shrivastava, A.K. Singhai, Lavlesh Chautrvedi, Gaurav Budhwani

Azadirachta Indica (Neem), Psidium guajava (Amrud) and Allivum sativum (garlic) are herbal plants of medicinal value for treating various ailments, specially diabetes mellitus. Aqueous extracts of these plants are prepared for investigation of the blood glucose lowering affect and improvement in body weight in Alloxan induced diabetic fats. The results obtained are compared with known antidiabetic potent drug glibenclamide. This study clearly indicates the noteworthy antidiabetic activity of these plants and supports the traditional Herbal Drugs for the treatment of diabetes mellitus. The plant materials were in the study, Azadirchta Indica was more effective which decreased the blood glucose (25.54%) as compared with two other plant extracts used in this study i.e. Psidium Guajava (12.64%) and Allivum Sativum (9.54%) Daonil also decreased the blood glucose by (42.64%)..


Evaluation of Anti-inflammatory activity of Nerium oleander.

Senthil Kumar, Ganeshan R. Anand

Oleander (Nerium oleander L., Apocynaceae) is an evergreen urbanite shrub, widely used for ornamental purposes in Egypt. Although this plant is naturally protected from several herbivores by its defensive secondary metabolites, it harbors many phytophagous pests. In the present study the anti-inflammatory and antipyretic activity of Chloroform, alcoholic and aqueous extract of Oleander leaf was evaluated. Paw edema was induces by administration of 0.1 ml of 1% w/v carrageenan in saline. Antipyratic effect was studied by Brewer’s yeast-induced pyrexia in rats. The obtained data was statistically evaluated and it was observed that Oleander leaf shows its significant activity as anti-inflammatory and antipyretic agent. The antipyretic effect was almost equivalent to the paracetamol. The chloroform and alcoholic extracts of N. Oleander produced significant (p < 0.05) anti-inflammatory activity, while petroleum ether and aqueous extracts did not. Significant reduction of paw oedema was observed 40 min and 3 h after carrageenan injection, for alcoholic and chloroform extracts, respectively. Chloroform extract significantly decreased the elevated rectal temperature 3 h after the administration of a dose of 400 mg/kg.