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A Process of Transformation Folk Medicine's Wisdom on Herb Using for Communities's Treatment

Patthira Phon-ngam

The purposes of this study were to investigate the general status of the traditional healers, the knowledge used in giving the treatment of diseases, the conditions of medical treatment and services of the traditional healers, and the acceptance of the treatment methods of the traditional healers in Loei Province, and to study the process of transformation folk medicine's wisdom on herb using for communities's treatment in Loei Province.


PLACEBO

Govind Sharma, Chandra Prakesh Dwivedi and Rajendra Rawat

In medical research, placebos are given as control treatments and depend on the use of measured deception. Common placebos include inert tablets, sham surgery, and other procedures based on false information.[1] However, placebos can also have a surprisingly positive effect on a patient who knows that the given treatment is without any active drug, as compared with a control group who knowingly did not get a placebo.

Hepatoprotective Effects of Ethanol Extract of Alpinia Calcarata Rosc (EEAC) on Ehrlich Ascites Carcinoma (EAC) Induced Carcinogenesis in Experimental Mice

Farhadul Islam , Rasida Perveen and Tanzima Yeasmin

A large number of plants belonging to the Zingiberaceace family are well known to possess strong anti-tumor properties. Thus the objective is to determine the protective effects and host toxic nature of ethanol extract of Alpinia calcarata Rosc (EEAC) Rhizome, on male Swiss albino mice. Here the gross general observation such as body weight changes, salivation, diarrhea, muscular numbness, biochemical parameters like serum GPT (glutamate pyruvate transaminase), GOT (glutamate oxaloactate transaminase), ALP (alkaline phosphatase), serum glucose, cholesterol, urea, triglyceride and creatinine of normal and EAC bearing mice treated with the extract were studied. Histopathology of liver, kidney, lung, heart, spleen and brain were also investigated of both normal and EAC bearing mice. In normal mice there was a modest increase in all the above parameters during the treatment period (14 consecutive days at the 8.0 mg/kg/day). After treatment the enhanced values gradually decreased to normal levels. In case of EAC bearing mice, the toxic effects induced by EAC cells were found to be nullified by the treatment EEAC. No significant abnormalities in histology of the various organs of normal mice were detected owing to such treatment Thus, the plant can therefore, be considered as a safe and probable new source of potent antitumor agents with significant hepatoprotective features.


FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF GASTRORETENTIVE MUCOADHESIVE FILMS OF CAPTOPRIL

Pathak Anupam, Mishra Ashwani, Mishra Praveen

Gastroretentive mucoadhesive drug delivery system mucoadhesive films of captopril were formulated by using polymers like EC, HPMC and Carbopol 934 and plasticizer like glycerine for treatment of hypertension. Currently hypertension has become a common problem in all over the world, due to effectiveness and intensive use of captopril as a drug of choice in the treatment of hypertension and congestive heart failure, development of oral controlled release dosage form of captopril has been an interested topic of research for a long period of time. Difficulties encountered with this drug are It’s half life is 2-3 hrs; stability in acidic media, absorption window is in upper part of GIT, 20–30% protein binding, 60-70% bioavailability, less dose and its freely water solubility give the direction to formulate a gastroretentive mucoadhesive drug delivery system of this drug . Prepared gastroretentive mucoadhesive films were evaluated for various parameters such as Film thickness, Surface pH of films, Folding endurance, Percent swelling, Moisture content, Moisture uptake, Tensile strength, Elongation at break, Mucoadhesion studies, Determination of Drug content and In vitro drug release studies. The release rate of the gastroretentive mucoadhesive films of captopril was found to obey korsmeyer peppas kinetics.After analysis of different evaluation parameters and drug release kinetics, formulation code F8 was selected as a promising formulation for delivery of captopril as a mucoadhesive Gastroretentive film with best mucoadhesive strength and 99.06% drug release at 24th hour.


2D AND 3D QSAR STUDIES ON 4-THIAZOLIDINONES CONTAINING INDOLIN-2-ONE MOIETY AS POTENTIAL ANTITUMOR AGENT

Shaikh Anwar, Thombare Shraddha

Quantitative structure–activity relationship (QSAR) analysis for recently synthesized 4-thiazolidinones and indolin-2-one hybrid derivatives was studied for their cytotoxic activities. The statistically significant 2D-QSAR models (r2 = 0.8363; q2 = 0.5888; F test = 19.4139; r2 se = 0.2637; q2se = 0.4180; pred_r2 = 0.4118; pred_r2se = 0.5771) were developed using multiple linear regression (MLR) methodology with stepwise (SW) forward-backward variable selection method, when the number of descriptors in equation was set to five, indicating the descriptors of T_O_S_5, T_2_O_6, SdssCE-index, chi6chain and T_N_F_4 mainly influence the cytotoxic activity. The results of the 2D-QSAR model were further compared with 3D-QSAR model generated by kNN-MFA, (k-Nearest Neighbor Molecular Field Analysis), investigating the substitutional requirements for the favorable receptor–drug interaction and providing useful information in the characterization and differentiation of their binding sites. The results derived may be useful in further designing novel antitumor agent prior to synthesis.


IN VITRO ANTIBACTERIAL AND ANTIFUNGL ACTIVITIES OF MORINDA TINCTORIA LEAF IN DIFFERENT SOLVENTS

Devi Kaniakumari, P. Selvakumar, and V. Loganathan

In recent years there has been renewed interest in screening higher plants for novel biologically active compounds particularly those that effectively intervene with human ailments as the emergence of antibiotic resistance is on the increase, and in spite of attempts to control the use of antibiotics, the incidence of resistance threatens to overwhelm modern health care systems. The present study aims at evaluating the in vitro antibacterial and antifungal effect of crude solvent extracts (Ethyl acetate, benzene, n-hexane and methanol) of Morinda tinctoria on bacteria (Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Shigella flexneri) and fungi (Aspergillus flavus, Mucor sp, Candida albicans, Trichophyton mentagraphytes, Microsporum gypseum) at different concentrations. Agar disc diffusion method was used to determine the inhibitory effect of Morinda tinctoria plant. The present study using the leaf extracts obtained through different solvents viz. ethyl acetate, methanol, benzene and n-hexane showed antibacterial activity only for Escherichia coli.